If you’d like a more academically
professional statement about Métis births and the scarcity of French women at
the time see: http://www.uwgb.edu/wisfrench/library/articles/Métis.htm
by a
Other source materials related to the reluctance of Jesuit and
French authorities in the 1600s to record such mixed marriages and births.
“Attitudes to
miscegenation in the heart of
-Source: Assimilation and
Racialism in Seventeenth and Eighteenth-Century French Colonial Policy by Saliha Belmessous.
“Jean Baptiste Colbert (1619–83), French statesman, was forced to admit failure in trying to curb the Métis and Coureurs des Bois in the west.…The majority of North Western Indians allied with the Coureurs des Bois because they were so numerous, they were in their midst, treated them as equals and married their daughters…”
-Source: CANADIAN HISTORY -A DISTINCT VIEWPOINT, by D. Garneau.
“March 17, 1637: Father Superior (I)-Paul Le Jeune (1591-1664) and Father (I)-Francois La Mercier (1604-1690) visit Iahenhouton to propose whether it would be acceptable to them that some of our Frenchmen should marry in their country as soon as possible. The People said the Frenchmen who had resolved to marry were free to take wives where it seemed good to them; that those who had married in the past had not demanded a General Council for that purpose, but they had taken them in whatever way they had desired. The Father replied to this that it was very true that the Frenchmen who had hitherto married in the country had not made such a stir about it, but also that their intentions were far removed from ours, that their purpose had been to become barbarians (like the People of the country), and to render themselves exactly like them (Coureurs des Bois). He said we, on the contrary, aimed by this alliance to make them like us. This the People said would require a General Council. This is a significant turning point as most previous marriages are to barbarians by Coureurs des Bois and therefore not recorded in the marriage records of New France.
The Jesuits admit that Frenchmen have been taking savages as country wives where it seemed good to them and their purpose is to become barbarians. They wish to render themselves exactly like the savages.
The conditions necessary for their daughters to marry Frenchmen are as follows:
1. They needed to know what dowry the French would give to the wife, any wife's family,
2. And know whether the wife would have everything at her disposal.
3. If the husband returned to
4. If wife failed in her duty and is driven off by her husband, what could she take away with her? And if, on her own free will, the fancy seized her to return to her relatives, what could she take with her?
The Jesuits report that some Frenchmen were more hesitant in entering into a
marriage with a savage upon learning the terms and conditions of marriage to
these barbarian girls. Most Coureurs des Bois, however, didn't give it a
second thought, as they were committed to the relationship. It is
noteworthy that many marriages of Frenchmen to barbarians are not recorded as
such. Many Savage girls are given Christian names to hide their past.”
Source: D. Garneau,
“ New France 1637-1639,
“The French government had little interest in encouraging
immigration and the number of settlers in
Source: Mintz, S. (2003). “Native American Voices;” Digital History. Retrieved 4/19/2006 from http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/native_voices/nav2.html